This phenomenon isn't stunning because the underlying metallurgical processes produce giant portions of low-worth metals reminiscent of copper and silver (see Fig. i below Section b of the complement). As we encounter multi-output processes here, we need to apply allocations (see Section 2). Because just one refinery is processing these scraps and because the refinery knowledge are confidential, we agreed to publish solely the data allotted for the product output of the ready low-worth scraps (lv). Figure 5 compares the total influence outcomes of the three impact categories land use, HumToxCan, and GWP of the gate-to-gate inventories of case B (see Section 3.1), divided into the five completely different materials sorts chemicals, electricity, pure gas manufacturing, and combustion as well as faucet water per 1 kg Au. Because these information were not process-particular and since it was concluded from the inner discussions that water is not internally circulated, it was assumed that the quantity of wastewater is equal to the input mass of auxiliary supplies (e.g., chemicals) plus the non-beneficial scrap fraction (see Table 1). The first process knowledge for this course of had been scaled right down to the per-quantity-of-wastewater-basis (ww) and then extrapolated utilizing the aforementioned wastewater quantity.

The materials required for a number of processes, resembling electricity, are not duplicated incorrectly. Table 1 exhibits the information of the granulation of all scrap inputs, particularly, the excessive-value scraps (e.g., jewelry and coins), the low-worth scraps subjected to numerous electrolysis processes, and the incinerated sweepings. A extra detailed analysis shows that a large a part of the completely different results comes from the preparation of low-worth scraps. The aggregated stock for the electrolytic preparation of the totally different low-value scraps is offered in Table 1. The material designation "wastewater, internal" signifies that this wastewater enters the inner wastewater treatment unit and is indirectly piped into the municipal sewage system. Further data on the abbreviations of the impression classes and their related units could be found in the Supplementary material Section c. A comparison of the impression results of gold scrap recycling obtained in the context of this study as introduced in Fig. 4, with the abovementioned ecoinvent v.3.5 LCA datasets on the gold from WEEE recycling and mining, is shown in Fig. 6. For this analysis, the mannequin with allocation by the financial value was chosen as a result of, on the one hand, this technique is the allocation technique used in the ecoinvent v.3.5 datasets, and on the other hand, this mannequin leads to worse impacts, and with a conservative evaluation we do not run the risk of optimistically representing the research results.

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