Nor did this mean only the native welfare of the papacy, the good order and peace of the Patrimony of Peter. Though not all are found in any one narrative, there is no such thing as a good purpose for doubting their basic accuracy. But are they the stuff of fantasy? Kleinclausz (l'Empire Carolingien, and so on., Paris, 1902, 441 sqq.) denies the authenticity of the famous letter (871) of Emperor Louis II to the Greek Emperor Basil (during which the former acknowledges absolutely the papal origin of his personal imperial dignity), and attributes it to Anastasius Bibliotheca in 879. His arguments are weak; the authenticity is admitted by Gregorovius and O. Harnack. Peter and Paul, سعر الذهب في كندا the pope approached him, positioned upon his head the imperial crown, did him formal reverence after the ancient manner, saluted him as Emperor and Augustus and anointed him, while the Romans current burst out with the acclamation, thrice repeated: "To Carolus Augustus crowned by God, mighty and pacific emperor, be life and victory" (Carolo, piisimo Augusto a Deo coronato, magno et pacificio Imperatori, vita et victoria). Despite the earlier goodwill and assist of the papacy, the Emperor of Constantinople, official heir of the imperial title (he nonetheless called himself Roman Emperor, and his capital was officially New Rome) had lengthy proved incapable of preserving his authority in the Italian peninsula.

However, the event of Christmas Day, 800, was long resented at Constantinople, where finally the successor of Charles was often known as "Emperor", or "Emperor of the Franks", however never "Roman Emperor". However, there seems no reason to doubt that for some time previous the elevation of Charles had been discussed, both at home and at Rome, especially in view of two facts: the scandalous situation of the imperial government at Constantinople, and the acknowledged grandeur and solidity of the Carolingian home. It could also be famous right here that the chroniclers of the ninth century deal with as "restitution" to St. Peter the assorted cessions and grants of cities and territory made at this period by the Carolingian rulers inside the bounds of the Patrimony of Peter. Suffice it to add right here that while the imperial consecration made him in theory, what he was already the truth is, the principal ruler of the West, and impropriated, as it have been, in the Carolingian line the majesty of historic Rome, it also lifted Charles without delay to the dignity of supreme temporal protector of Western Christendom and particularly of its head, the Roman Church.

Baluze, I, 247, 341, 345); additionally that after the ceremony he made very rich gifts to the Basilica of St. Peter, and that on the identical day the pope anointed (as King of the Franks) the youthful Charles, son of the emperor and at the moment most likely destined to succeed within the imperial dignity. Leo was sent back to Rome escorted by royal missi; the insurgents, thoroughly frightened and أسعار الذهب اليوم unable to persuade Charles of the pope's iniquity, surrendered, and the missi despatched Paschalis and Campulus, nephews of Adrian I and ringleaders against Pope Leo, to the king, to be handled on the royal pleasure. Charles, it's true, after his imperial consecration exercised virtually at Rome his authority as Patricius, or protector of the Roman Church. This (the Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate) he significantly omitted from the partition of the Frankish State made at the Diet of Thionville, in 806. It's to be famous that in this public division of his estate he made no provision for the imperial title, also that he committed to all three sons "the defence and safety of the Roman Church".

In any case, for the reason that Donation of Pepin (752) the pope was formally sovereign of the duchy of Rome and the Exarchate; therefore, aside from its effect on his shadowy claim to the sovereignty of all Italy, the Byzantine ruler had nothing to lose by the elevation of Charles. This decision produced a domino effect. In actuality this Roman patriciate, each beneath Pepin and Charles, was no more than a excessive protectorship of the civil sovereignty of the pope, whose local independence, both before and after the coronation of Charles, is historically certain, even apart from the aforesaid imperial charters. It is sure that Charles constantly attributed his imperial dignity to an act of God, made known of course by the company of the Vicar of Christ (divino nutu coronatus, a Deo coronatus, in "Capitularia", ed. Charles acquired the Vicar of Christ with all due reverence. Long earlier than this occasion Pope Adrian I had conferred (774) on Charles his father's dignity of Patricius Romanus, which implied primarily the protection of the Roman Church in all its rights and privileges, above all in the temporal authority which it had gradually acquired (notably in the former Byzantine Duchy of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna) by just titles within the course of the two previous centuries.

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